I’ve had a great experience on the board of BC Hydro for 6 years. It has really allowed me to understand the complexities of energy planning and the challenges of infrastructure development.

Energy drives the economy. It will be what drives economic projects in the province and indeed the whole country. This is a challenge for everyone – and a dilemma for First Nations. But finally First Nations are potentially in the driver seat for these projects. Whether it be mining, power production, gas or oil export – after decades of fighting though negotiations and courts First Nations have gained considerable power to rightfully participate at the decision making table.

But – First Nations have much to consider when asked to deliberate over these projects:

• Capacity – does it have enough expertise and people to review complicated projects? Does it have the legal, financial and analytical expertise? Does it have traditional uses studies in place to identify the impact on rights?
• Impacts – Are the impacts acceptable – if so under what conditions? Are the impacts cumulative? Are there historic grievances involved? Can the impacts be mitigated and compensated? Do the environmental impacts outweigh economic benefits?
• Impact benefit agreement – what sort of economic, employment and training opportunities can be realized? Are the goals realistic and achievable? Do first nations want equity participation in these projects? Does government policy allow for it?
• Social and legal license – has industry earned social license? Had government discharged its duties on regulating big projects environmentally, economically and socially? Who holds and governs aboriginal rights for First Nations? What is the role of the community, hereditary and elected systems in reviewing and approving these projects?

Although there is much to navigate, clearly the prerequisite for projects is having productive relationships between First Nations, industry and government. First Nations need adequate information, and all parties need to have a relationship to solve issues that prevent First Nations from supporting projects that ultimately can benefit their own community as well. And some issues are deal breakers for some first nations.

Engagement with First Nations should not be something merely identified on a checklist to get a project through. As the most impoverished communities in Canada, it is an opportunity for contributing to stronger and healthier communities and envisioned and enacted by First Nation leaders.